Enfermedad de Scheuermann lumbar atípica en rara asociación con artritis idiopática juvenil / Atypical lumbar Scheuermann disease and juvenile idiopathic arthritis: a rarely association

El dolor lumbar en los adolescentes es causa frecuente de motivo de consulta en reumatología y obedece a diferentes causas. Se presenta un caso clínico de un adolescente de 14 años de edad, de procedencia rural que acudió a consulta refiriendo dolor y aumento de volumen de ambas rodillas de 3 meses de evolución, acompañado de dolor lumbar desde hacía más de 2 años y que había requerido tratamiento con antinflamatorios no esteroideos y reposo, sin otros síntomas sistémicos acompañantes. Al examen físico se encontró artritis de rodillas, aumento de la cifosis fisiológica en la columna dorsal y puntos sacroilíacos positivos. En los exámenes complementarios fue significativa la presencia del HLA-B27, sinovitis en bolsa subcuadricipital bilateral detectada mediante ultrasonido de rodillas, así como hallazgos en las radiografías a nivel de los cuerpos de las vértebras lumbares característicos de la enfermedad de Scheuermann, y esclerosis de ambas sacroilíacas, características de artritis idiopática juvenil. Se concluyó que el paciente padecía de dos afecciones que por mecanismos diferentes causan dolor lumbar(AU)

Low back pain in adolescents is a frequent reason for consultation in rheumatology and is due to different causes. A clinical case of a 14-year-old adolescent from rural origin who comes to the clinic reporting pain and volume increase in both knees of three months of evolution accompanied by low back pain of more than two years of evolution that had required treatment is presented. with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and rest, without other accompanying systemic symptoms, physical examination revealed knee arthritis, increased physiological kyphosis in the thoracic spine and positive sacroiliac points. In the complementary tests, the presence of HLA-B27, synovitis in the bilateral sub quadriceps bursa on ultrasound of the knees, findings in the radiographs at the level of the bodies of the lumbar vertebrae characteristic of Scheuermann's disease, and sclerosis of both sacroiliacs' characteristic of juvenile idiopathic arthritis, it is concluded that the patient suffers from two conditions, which by different mechanisms cause low back pain(AU)

Sagittal Plane Alignment and Functional Outcomes Following Surgery for Scheuermann Kyphosis / Alinhamento do plano sagital e resultados funcionais após cirurgia para a cifose de Scheuermann

Abstract Objective To evaluate and correlate the pelvic parameters, the sagittal balance (SB), and the functional outcome of the patients submitted to surgical treatment for Scheuermann hyperkyphosis (SK). Methods Patients submitted to surgery between January 2005 and December 2016 were included. The following radiographic measurements were obtained: thoracic kyphosis (TK); lumbar lordosis (LL); SB; pelvic incidence (PI); pelvic tilt (PT); and sacral slope (SS). Complications during the follow-up period were recorded. Results A total of 19 patients were included (16 males): the mean preoperative kyphosis was of 83°, and the postoperative kyphosis was of 57°. The mean preoperative lumbar lordosis was of 66°, with a postoperative spontaneous correction of 47°. Regarding the preoperative pelvic parameters, the average PI, PT and SS were of 48°,10° and 39° respectively. In the postoperative period, these values were of 50°, 16° and 35° respectively. The preoperative SB was neutral, and it was maintained after the surgical correction. Concerning complications during the follow-up period, three junctional kyphosis were observed-two requiring revision surgery, one nonunion, and one dehiscence of the surgical wound. Regarding the functional results, the average score on the Scoliosis Research Society-22 (SRS-22) patient questionnaire was of 4.04, and we verified that the SB obtained in the postoperative period had no influence on the functional outcome (p = 0.125) nor on the postoperative LL (p = 0.851). Conclusion We verified a spontaneous improvement in the lumbar hyperlordosis at levels not included in the fusion after correction of the TK. Although the postoperative functional results were globally high, we did not find any statistically significant relationship with TK nor LLs. high PI is associated with a greater rate of complications regarding the proximal junctional kyphosis (PJK), and these pelvic parameters should be considered at the time of the SK surgical treatment.

Resumo Objetivo Avaliar e correlacionar os parâmetros pélvicos, o equilíbrio sagital (SB), e o resultado funcional dos pacientes submetidos ao tratamento cirúrgico da hipercifose de Scheuermann (SK). Métodos Foram incluídos pacientes submetidos à cirurgia entre janeiro de 2005 e dezembro de 2016. Foram obtidas as seguintes medidas radiográficas: cifose torácica (TK); lordose lombar (LL); SB; incidência pélvica (PI); inclinação pélvica (PT); e inclinação sacral (SS). Complicações foram registradas durante o período de seguimento. Resultados Foram incluídos 19 pacientes (16 homens): a cifose pré-operatória média foi de 83°, e, após a cirurgia, de 57°. A LL média pré-operatória foi de 66°, com uma correção espontânea pós-operatória de 47°. Quanto aos parâmetros pélvicos préoperatórios, as médias de PI, PT e SS foram de 48°, 10° e 39°, respectivamente. No pósoperatório, esses valores foram de 50°, 16° e 35°, respectivamente. O SB pré-operatório foi neutro e mantido após correção cirúrgica. Quanto às complicações durante o período de seguimento, foram observadas três cifoses juncionais - duas necessitando de cirurgia de revisão, uma má consolidação, e uma deiscência de sutura. Em relação aos resultados funcionais, a pontuação média no questionário de 22 itens da Scoliosis Research Society (SRS-22) foi de 4,04, e verificou-se que o SB no pós-operatório não teve influência no desfecho funcional (p = 0,125), nem na LL pós-operatória (p = 0,851). Conclusão Verificamos uma melhora espontânea da hiperlordose lombar em níveis não incluídos na fusão após a correção da TK. Embora os resultados funcionais pósoperatórios tenham sido globalmente elevados, não encontramos nenhuma relação estatisticamente significativa com a TK nem com a LL. A PI elevada está associada a maior complicação da cifose juncional proximal (PJK), e esses parâmetros pélvicos devem ser considerados no momento do tratamento cirúrgico da cifose de Scheuermann.

Cifosis patológica en la columna pediátrica / Pathologic kyphosis in the pediatric spine

En este manuscrito se revisan las diferentes causas que producen aumento de la cifosis torácica (dorso curvo), específicamente en niños y adolescentes. Las causas del dorso curvo que se analizan en este artículo son: Dorso curvo postural, idiopático, neuromuscular, congénito y enfermedad de Scheuermann. Se centra en los factores que producen su aparición, características de su evolución y tratamiento.

This manuscript reviews the different causes that lead to increased thoracic kyphosis, specifically in children and adolescents. The causes of increased thoracic kyphosis that will be discussed in this article are: postural, idiopathic, neuromuscular, congenital, and Scheuermann's disease. This paper focuses on the factors that produce its appearance, characteristics of its evolution, and treatment.

Enfermedad de Scheuermann lumbar / Lumbar Scheuermann's disease

La osteocondrosis lumbar juvenil o enfermedad lumbar de Scheuermann comparte características con la enfermedad de Scheuermann clásica, pero se localiza en la columna dorsal baja y lumbar (D10-L4), y es menos frecuente. La forma lumbar atípica consiste en la aparición de hernias de Schmorl en uno o dos cuerpos vertebrales con estrechamiento del espacio interdiscal y cambios en los platillos vertebrales. Presentamos el caso de un adolescente de 18 años que fue recibido en el Cuerpo de Guardia a causa de un accidente de tránsito, y refirió dolor lumbar. Se le indicaron estudios de imagen donde no se identificaron lesiones secundarias al trauma. Sin embargo, se evidenció una vértebra en limbo a nivel de L1, así como irregularidad de los platillos vertebrales de los segmentos lumbares altos, correspondientes con nódulos de Schmorl. Todos estos hallazgos son compatibles con enfermedad lumbar de Scheuermann. El paciente se mantuvo en observación sin que presentara complicaciones y se remitió a la Consulta de Reumatología(AU)

Juvenile lumbar osteochondrosis or Scheuermann's lumbar disease shares characteristics with classical Scheuermann's disease but it is located in the lower and lumbar spine (D10-L4) and is less frequent. The atypical lumbar form consists of the appearance of Schmorl hernias in one or two vertebral bodies with narrowing of the intradiscal space and changes in the vertebral plates. The case is presented of an 18-year-old teenager who was received in emergency service because of a traffic accident, referring to low back pain. Imaging studies were indicated where no injuries secondary to trauma were identified. However, there was evidence of a limb vertebra at the level of L1 as well as irregularity of the vertebral plates of the corresponding upper lumbar segments with Schmorl nodules. All these findings are consistent with lumbar Scheuermann's disease(AU)

Experiencia en la implementación de un protocolo para el tamizaje de escoliosis idiopática del adolescente en instituciones educativas de Bogotá / Implementation of a Protocol for Idiopathic Adolescent Scoliosis Screening. A Successful experience / Implementação de um protocolo para rastreamento de escoliose idiopática do adolescente. Uma experiência de sucess

Introducción: La escoliosis idiopática del adolescente es una deformidad tridimensional de la columna vertebral con un ángulo >10° en el plano coronal, medido por el método de Cobb, y que afecta a la población entre 10 y 18 años. Aunque se desconocen los mecanismos precisos que llevan a la presentación de esta deformidad, se sugiere que presenta un patrón de herencia autosómico dominante con penetrancia incompleta. Las curvas <20° reciben manejo expectante, las curvas entre 21° y 39° reciben manejo ortésico y el resto de curvas tendrían indicación quirúrgica. Debido a la complejidad y el costo de la cirugía, el beneficio del tratamiento ortésico y el impacto negativo en la calidad de vida de los pacientes que un diagnóstico tardío puede traer, se ha sugerido la implementación de programas para la detección temprana de esta patología. Objetivos: Narrar de forma breve la experiencia en la aplicación, así como las incidencias y los resultados preliminares, de un protocolo de investigación para el tamizaje de escoliosis. Desarrollo de la experiencia: Durante 2016 se tamizó a 387 estudiantes de dos instituciones educativas de la ciudad de Bogotá. La prevalencia de sospecha de escoliosis fue del 41,3 %. No hubo correlación entre la evaluación de los profesores con los médicos. Solo el 15 % de los participantes asistió a la cita para diagnóstico con especialista en columna; sin embargo, el 76 % de estos presentaron un diagnóstico asociado a deformidad de la columna vertebral. Se añadió una nueva institución para aumentar el impacto social del estudio. Discusión: El alto porcentaje de estudiantes que se beneficiaron de un diagnóstico temprano y la instauración de tratamiento aboga a favor y permite sugerir la utilidad de estos programas de tamizaje; sin embargo, se requiere mayor reconocimiento del problema y más sensibilización por parte de las instituciones educativas para participar en los programas.

Introduction: Idiopathic Adolescent Scoliosis is a tridimensional deformity of the vertebral spine with an angle greater than 10° measured in the plain view; it is presented in children between 10 and 18 years. Although exact mechanisms by which scoliosis is produced are unknown, it has been suggested that it follows an autosomal dominant pattern of inheritance with incomplete penetrance. Curves less than 20° receive expectant treatment, between 21 and 39° orthotic management and the rest have surgical indication. Given the complexity and the cost of surgical procedure, the possible benefits of orthotic treatment and the negative impact in life quality of a delayed diagnosis, screening programs had been implemented for early diagnosis worldwide. Objetive: To briefly narrate the experience, incidences and preliminary results in the application of a protocol to screen for idiopathic scoliosis. Develop: in 2016, 387 students were screened in two institutions. Prevalence of a positive screening were 41, 3 %. There was no correlation between teacher and doctors' assessments. Only 15 % of participants assist to control appointment at the hospital; however, 76 % of those who assist were found with a spinal deformity. A new institution was recruited in order to enhance the social impact of our work. Discussion: The great amount of students who benefited from an early diagnosis and treatment, allows us to suggest that screening programs like this one are useful; however it requires increase awareness of the problem by schools and parents in order to achieve full involvement.

Introdução: A escoliose idiopática do adolescente é uma deformidade tridimensional da coluna vertebral com um ângulo superior a 10° medido na vista plana; é apresentado em crianças entre 10 e 18 anos. Embora os mecanismos exatos pelos quais a escoliose é produzida sejam desconhecidos, foi sugerido que ela segue um padrão de herança autossômica dominante com penetrância incompleta. Curvas inferiores a 20° recebem tratamento expectante, entre 21 e 39° de tratamento ortopédico e o restante tem indicação cirúrgica. Dada a complexidade e o custo do procedimento cirúrgico, os possíveis benefícios do tratamento ortótico e o impacto negativo na qualidade de vida de um diagnóstico tardio, foram implementados programas de triagem para o diagnóstico precoce em todo o mundo. Objetivo: narrar brevemente a experiência, incidências e resultados preliminares na aplicação de um protocolo para a triagem de escoliose idiopática. Desenvolver: em 2016, 387 alunos foram selecionados em duas instituições. A prevalência de uma triagem positiva foi de 41, 3%. Não houve correlação entre as avaliações de professores e médicos. Apenas 15% dos participantes auxiliam no controle da consulta no hospital; no entanto, 76% dos que assistiram foram encontrados com uma deformidade da coluna vertebral. Uma nova instituição foi recrutada para aumentar o impacto social do nosso trabalho. Discussão: A grande quantidade de estudantes que se beneficiaram de um diagnóstico e tratamento precoces permite sugerir que programas de triagem como este são úteis; no entanto, exige maior conscientização do problema por parte das escolas e dos pais, a fim de alcançar o envolvimento total.

The Effect of Schroth Therapy on Thoracic Kyphotic Curve and Quality of Life in Scheuermann's Patients: A Randomized Controlled Trial

STUDY DESIGN: Randomized controlled single-blinded clinical trial. PURPOSE: To evaluate the efficacy of Schroth therapy on thoracic curve angle, pain, and self-perceived body image (SPBI) of the back in Scheuermann's patients in comparison with the efficacy of classic anti-gravitation exercises. OVERVIEW OF LITERATURE: Scheuermann disease is the most common cause of hyperkyphosis of the thoracic and thoracolumbar spine during adolescence. However, very few studies evaluated the effect of exercises on the progression of kyphosis in Scheuermann patients. Schroth three-dimensional exercise therapy was found in several studies to be effective in the treatment of adolescent scoliosis; however, we found no randomized controlled trials that evaluated the efficacy of this method in Scheuermann patients. METHODS: A total of 50 young adults (males and females) with Scheuermann's disease were randomly divided into either the experimental group (Schroth therapy treatment, n=25) or the control group (classic anti-gravitation exercises, n=25). Participants in both the groups were provided a course of individual treatment sessions during few weeks, with one appointment per week. They were required to perform the exercises daily throughout the study period (12 months) and fill their performance in a research log. We evaluated the thoracic Cobb angle (main outcome measure), pain, SPBI, flexion of the shoulder (supine), flexion of the shoulder (standing), kyphotic deformity measured using inclinometer, and L5 kyphosis apex line (L5-KAL) as well as administered the Scoliosis Research Society-22 Questionnaire for the participants before the treatment, after 6 months, and 1 year postoperatively. These results were then compared. RESULTS: In the mixed analysis of variance, the main effect of time was significant in the thoracic kyphosis (F [1]=5.72, p=0.02), and in the L5-KAL (F [1]=5.76, p=0.02). The main effect of time on the kyphotic deformity, measured using an inclinometer, did not reach the significance level; however, it showed the tendency (F [1]=2.80, p=0.07). In the group-by-time interaction, a significant difference was found in the thoracic kyphosis (F [1]=4.91, p=0.03) and in the kyphotic deformity, measured using an inclinometer (F [1]=4.05, p=0.02). Thus, the Schroth therapy group showed significantly greater improvement than the classic anti-gravitation exercises group. CONCLUSIONS: The present findings indicate that back exercises in general, and Schroth therapy in particular, is an effective treatment for preventing and significantly improving the thoracic Cobb angle and symptomatic representation in Scheuermann's patients.

Measurement of Milwaukee Brace Pad Pressure in Adolescent Round Back Deformity Treatment

STUDY DESIGN: In this prospective study, we measured the pad pressures of the Milwaukee brace in adolescent hyperkyphosis treatment. PURPOSE: We evaluated the skin-brace interface forces exerted by the main pads of the Milwaukee brace. OVERVIEW OF LITERATURE: A fundamental factor associated with brace effectiveness in spinal deformity is pad force adjustment. However, few studies have evaluated the in-brace force magnitude and its effect on curve correction. METHODS: Interface forces at four pads of the Milwaukee brace were measured in 73 patients withround back deformity (mean age, 14.04±1.97 years [range, 10–18]; mean initial Cobb angle,67.70°±9.23° [range, 50°–86°]). We used a modified aneroid sphygmomanometer to measure the shoulder and kyphosis pad pressures. Each patient underwent measurement in the standing and sitting positions during inhalation/exhalation. RESULTS: The mean pad pressures were significantly higher in the standing than in thesitting position, and significantly higher pressures were observed during inhalation compared toexhalation (p=0.001).There were no statistically significant differences between right and left shoulder pad pressures (p>0.05); however, the pressure differences between the right and left kyphosis pads were statistically significant (p<0.05). In a comparison of corrective forces with bracing for less or more than 6 months, corrective force was larger with bracing for less than 6 months (p=0.02). In the standing position, there were no statistically significant correlations between pad pressures and kyphosis curve correction. CONCLUSIONS: In the sitting position, there was a trend toward lower forces at the skin-brace interface; therefore, brace adjustment in the standing position may be useful and more effective. There was no significant correlation between the magnitude of the pad pressures and the degree of in-brace curve correction.

Posterior-Only Approach with Pedicle Screws for the Correction of Scheuermann's Kyphosis

STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective study (level of evidence: level 3). PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical and radiological results of the posterior-only approach with pedicle screws for the treatment of Scheuermann's kyphosis (SK). OVERVIEW OF LITERATURE: The correction of SK with instrumentation can be performed using posterior-only or combined anterior-posterior procedures. With the use of all-pedicle screw constructs in spine surgery, the posterior-only approach has become a popular option for the definitive treatment of SK. In a nationwide study involving 2,796 patients, a trend toward posterior-only fusion with lower complication rates was reported. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the data of patients who underwent posterior-only correction for SK between January 2005 and May 2013. Patients with a definite diagnosis of SK who fulfilled the minimum follow-up criterion of 24 months were included. The thoracic kyphosis (T5–T12), lumbar lordosis (L1–S1), and thoracolumbar junction (T10–L2) angles were measured from preoperative, postoperative, and last control radiographs. Sagittal balance, thoracic length, thoracic diameter, Voutsinas index and the sacral slope, pelvic tilt, proximal junction kyphosis, and distal junction kyphosis angles were also measured. RESULTS: Forty-five patients underwent surgery for the treatment of SK between 2005 and 2013. After applying the exclusion criteria, 20 patients (18 males and 2 females) with a mean age of 19 years were included. The mean thoracic kyphosis angle was 79.8 degrees preoperatively, 44.6 degrees postoperatively, and 44.9 degrees at the last control. There were statistically significant differences between preoperative and postoperative values in the thoracic kyphosis and lumbar lordosis angles, thoracic length, thoracic diameter, and Voutsinas index (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The clinical and radiological results of the current study suggest that posterior-only fusion is an efficient technique for the treatment of SK.

Efeitos do Mat Pilates sobre hipercifose torácica de Scheuermann e escoliose combinada de um adolescente: um estudo de caso / Effects of mat Pilates on Scheuermann kyphosis and scoliosis combined of a teenager: a case study

Este estudo de caso teve como objetivo verificar os efeitos do método Pilates na composição corporal, na qualidade de vida e nas alterações da coluna vertebral torácica no plano sagital de um adolescente do sexo masculino com hipercifose de Scheuermann. O participante foi selecionado de forma intencional, realizou 30 sessões de Mat Pilates com duração de uma hora, duas vezes por semana. Na 1ª, 10ª, 20ª e na 30ª sessões foram avaliadas a postura corporal, por meio de fotogrametria computadorizada, e a cifose torácica, com o instrumento flexicurva. Nas 1ª e 30ª sessões o participante respondeu ao questionário de avaliação da qualidade de vida SF36 e passou por avaliação antropométrica e de composição corporal. Os resultados sugerem que o Mat Pilates reduziu em apenas de 3% o índice de cifose do adolescente com hipercifose de Scheuermann. Apenas a postura dos joelhos apresentou melhora, passando de joelho hiperextendido a joelhos normais. Considerando que não foram encontrados na literatura estudos envolvendo a hipercifose de Scheuermann e o Mat Pilates, e que esse estudo foi com um único indivíduo, novos estudos devem ser desenvolvidos para investigar a eficiência do método Pilates na redução da hipercifose de Scheuermann e das suas alterações funcionais (AU)

This case study aimed to determine the effects of Pilates on the body composition, quality of life and the alterations of the thoracic spine in the sagittal plane of an adolescent male with Scheuermann's kyphosis. The participant was selected intentionally, held 30 Mat Pilates sessions with duration of one hour, twice a week. In the 1st, 10th, 20th and 30th sessions were evaluated body posture through computerized photogrammetry, and the thoracic kyphosis, with the instrument flexicurve. In the 1st and 30th sessions the participant responded to the questionnaire evaluation of the quality of life SF36 and underwent anthropometric and body composition. The results suggest that the Mat Pilates reduced by only 3% the index of kyphosis in this adolescent with Scheuermann kyphosis. Just the posture of the knees presented improvement, passing from hiperextended knee to normal knees. Considering that were not found in literature studies involving Scheuermann's kyphosis and Mat Pilates, and that this study was performed with a single individual, further studies should be conducted to investigate the efficiency of the Pilates method in reducing Scheuermann's kyphosis and its functional changes. (AU)

Surgical treatment of Scheuermann´s disease by the posterior approach. Case series / Tratamento cirúrgico da doença de Scheuermann por acesso posterior. Série de casos / Tratamiento quirúrgico de la enfermedad de Scheuermann por vía posterior. Serie de casos

OBJECTIVE: To describe the results of surgical treatment of Scheuermann's disease by the posterior approach. METHOD: A descriptive, retrospective, longitudinal study in which patients with Scheuermann's disease, treated surgically by the posterior approach at the Hospital de Traumatologia y Ortopedia [Hospital for Traumatology and Orthopedics] "Lomas Verdes" IMSS. The Cobb method was used to measure the kyphosis in all the patients, of T5-T12. The surgical technique used was vertebral shortening by the Ponte osteotomy technique, at the apex of the deformity, accompanied by transpedicular instrumentation and posterior arthrodesis. RESULTS: Five patients were included; three men and two women, with an average age of 16.6 years. The initial average kyphosis was 76º, which was corrected to 42º after surgery. Blood loss was 590 ml, with a surgery time of 3 hours. Three patients were submitted to neurophysiological monitoring. No neurological lesion was found. There was no loss of correction at 6 months of evolution. CONCLUSIONS: The vertebral shortening technique with posterior instrumentation eliminates the use of the anterior approach to release the anterior longitudinal ligament. Osteotomies by the Ponte technique make the spine more flexible, and together with pedicular instrumentation, correct the deformity and preserve the correction over time. .

OBJETIVO: Descrever os resultados do tratamento cirúrgico da doença de Scheuermann por acesso posterior. MÉTODO: Estudo descritivo, retrospectivo e longitudinal, no qual foram incluídos pacientes com doença de Scheuermann tratados cirurgicamente por acesso posterior no Hospital de Traumatologia y Ortopedia "Lomas Verdes" IMSS. O método de Cobb foi utilizado para medir a cifose em todos os pacientes de T5-T12. A técnica cirúrgica utilizada foi encurtamento vertebral pela técnica de osteotomia de Ponte no ápice da deformidade, acompanhada por instrumentação transpedicular e artrodese posterior. RESULTADOS: Foram incluídos cinco pacientes, três homens e duas mulheres, com média de idade de 16,6 anos. A cifose média inicial era de 76º e foi corrigida para 42º depois da cirurgia. O sangramento foi 590 ml, com tempo cirúrgico de 3 horas. Três pacientes foram submetidos à monitoração neurofisiológica. Não foi encontrada nenhuma lesão neurológica. Não houve perda da correção aos 6 meses de evolução. CONCLUSÕES: A técnica de encurtamento vertebral com instrumentação posterior elimina o emprego do acesso anterior para liberar o ligamento longitudinal anterior. A osteotomias pela técnica de Ponte flexibilizam a coluna e, em conjunto com a instrumentação pedicular, corrigem a deformidade e mantêm a correção no decorrer do tempo. .

OBJETIVO: Describir los resultados del tratamiento quirúrgico de la enfermedad de Scheuermann por vía posterior. MÉTODO: Es un estudio descriptivo, retrospectivo longitudinal en el cual se incluyeron pacientes con enfermedad de Scheuermann manejados quirúrgicamente por vía posterior en el Hospital de Traumatología y Ortopedia "Lomas Verdes" IMSS. Se utilizó el método de Cobb para la medición de la cifosis en todos los pacientes de T5-T12. La técnica quirúrgica utilizada fue el acortamiento vertebral mediante osteotomías de Ponte en el ápice de la deformidad, acompañada de instrumentación transpedicular y artrodesis posterior. RESULTADOS: Se incluyeron cinco pacientes, tres hombres y dos mujeres, con un promedio de edad 16,6 años. La cifosis inicial promedio fue de 76º y corrigió a 42º después de la cirugía. El sangrado promedio fue de 590 ml con un tiempo quirúrgico de 3 horas. Se utilizó monitoreo neurofisiológico en tres de los pacientes. No se presentó ninguna lesión neurológica. No hubo pérdida de la corrección a los 6 meses de evolución. CONCLUSIONES: La técnica de acortamiento vertebral con instrumentación posterior omite el abordaje anterior para la liberación del ligamento longitudinal anterior. Las osteotomías tipo Ponte flexibilizan la columna y junto con la instrumentación pedicular logran corregir la deformidad y mantenerla a través del tiempo. .

Comparison between two types of "Scheuermann disease-like people": thoracolumbar disc herniation patients and healthy volunteers with radiological signs of Scheuermann's disease / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Scheuermann's disease (SD) is a spinal disorder and includes both a classic form and an atypical form. Interestingly, its existence among the general population as well as the disc disease patients is common. One of our previous studies showed that about 18% of the hospital staff members meet the SD criteria. On the other hand, another study has demonstrated that 95.2% of the symptomatic thoracolumbar disc herniation (STLDH) patients meet the SD criteria, which suggests that STLDH is very likely a special form of SD. The purpose of this study was to discriminate the factors contributing to the development of STLDH by comparing STLDH patients with the healthy SD-like hospital staff members.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>This is a retrospective study including 33 STLDH patients who met the SD criteria and 30 SD-like hospital staff members. The STLDH group was chosen from a group of patients who underwent surgery after a diagnosis of STLDH (T10/11-L1/2) at our hospital between June 2007 and June 2010. SD-like hospital staff members were chosen from a database created in 2007, which contained a lumbar MR and low back pain (LBP) questionnaire of 188 hospital staff members. The demographic and radiologic characteristics were compared between groups.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>There was no statistical difference in sex, age, and height between the two groups. The STLDH patients had higher body weight, boby mass index, and thoracolumbar kyphotic angle than SD-like hospital staff members. In addition, STLDH patients had more levels of Schmorl's nodes (3.5±1.7 vs. 2.0±1.9, t = 3.364, P = 0.001) and irregular endplateson (4.0±1.9 vs. 2.7±1.9, t = 2.667, P = 0.010) compared to the SD-like hospital staff members.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Higher body weight, higher body mass index, larger thoracolumbar kyphosis, and more Schmorl's nodes and irregular endplates on MR may be associated with the development of STLDH in "SD-like people."</p>

Cifose de Scheuermann: comparação entre a abordagem por via posterior associada à osteotomia de Smith-Petersen e a fusão combinada anterior e posterior / Scheuermann's kyphosis: comparison between the posterior approach associated with Smith-Petersen osteotomy and combined anterior-posterior fusion

OBJETIVO: O tratamento cirúrgico da cifose de Scheuermann (CS) permanece tópico em debate. Considerando a controvérsia sobre a melhor forma de tratamento cirúrgico, foi proposto estudo envolvendo pacientes com diagnóstico de CS a fim de comparar resultados do tratamento entre a dupla abordagem e a técnica por via posterior associada à osteotomia de Smith-Petersen. MÉTODOS: Trabalho descritivo, com análise transversal de estudo caso-controle. Foram avaliados 28 pacientes divididos em dois grupos conduzidos de forma temporalmente distinta. RESULTADOS: O primeiro grupo compreende pacientes abordados por dupla via, com idade media de 19 anos, com cifose pré-operatória de 77,6°, pós-operatória de 35,8° com correção média de 53,2 por cento. O segundo grupo compreende pacientes abordados pela via posterior associada à osteotomia de Smith-Petersen com média de idade de 27,3 anos, cifose pré de 72,9°, pós de 44,3° com correção média de 39,3 por cento. Na análise entre os dois grupos houve significância estatística para as variáveis idade (p = 0,02), cifose pós-operatória (p = 0,04), para o grau e percentual de correção da cifose (p = 0,001), não existindo diferença na cifose pré-operatória (p = 0,33). Na avaliação de dor pós-operatória (EVA), o primeiro grupo apresentou média de 0,6 pontos contra 0,5 de média do segundo grupo. Existiram apenas complicações menores em ambos os grupos, sendo sete no primeiro e três no segundo grupo. CONCLUSÃO: As duas técnicas cirúrgicas estudadas demonstraram-se adequadas para o tratamento da CS. No presente estudo foi observada maior correção da deformidade no primeiro grupo, enquanto no segundo grupo existiram melhores resultados na EVA de dor e menor incidência de complicações.

OBJECTIVE: Surgical treatment of Scheuermann's kyphosis (SK) remains a subject under discussion. In view of the controversy over the best form of surgical tr otomy. METHODS: This was a descriptive case-control study with cross-sectional analysis. Twenty-eight patients, split into two groups conducted at different times, were evaluated. RESULTS: The first group comprised patients treated using the double approach, with an average age of 19 years, preoperative kyphosis of 77.6°, postoperative kyphosis of 35.8° and average correction of 53.2 percent. The second group comprised patients treated using the posterior route associated with Smith-Petersen osteotomy, with a mean age of 27.3 years, preoperative kyphosis of 72.9°, postoperative kyphosis of 44.3° and average correction of 39.3 percent. Analysis between the two groups showed statistically significant differences in the following variables: age (p = 0.02), postoperative kyphosis (p = 0.04) and degree and percentage of kyphosis correction (p = 0.001). There was no difference concerning preoperative kyphosis (p = 0.33). In the assessment of postoperative pain (VAS), the first group presented an average of 0.6, versus 0.5 in the second group. There were only minor complications: seven in the first group and two in the second. CONCLUSION: The two surgical techniques studied proved to be adequate for treating SK. In the present study, the deformity correction was greater in the first group, while the pain VAS results were better in the second group, with lower incidence of complications.

Osteotomias segmentares múltiplas para a correção da cifose / Multiple segmental osteotomies to the kyphosis correction

OBJETIVO: Avaliar o resultado do tratamento cirúrgico da hipercifose dorsal da coluna vertebral por meio da técnica de Ponte (osteotomias múltiplas posteriores). MÉTODOS: Estudo retrospectivo de 10 pacientes (oito com sequela de doença de Scheuermann e dois com sequela de laminectomia) submetidos a cirurgia para correção de hipercifose acima de 70º. A idade variou de 12 anos a 20 anos (média de 16,8 anos ± 2,89). Os parâmetros radiográficos estudados foram a mensuração da cifose, lordose e, quando presente, da escoliose. Também foram avaliadas a presença de cifose juncional proximal e distal, a perda da correção e complicações como soltura e quebra dos implantes. Os parâmetros radiográficos foram avaliados no período pré-operatório, pós-operatório imediato e avaliação tardia. RESULTADOS: Os pacientes foram seguidos por um período que variou de 24 a 144 meses (média de 65,8 meses ± 39,92). O valor médio da hipercifose pré-operatória foi de 78,8º ± 7,59º (Cobb) e de 47,5º ± 12,54º no seguimento, com a média de correção de 33,9º ± 9,53º e perda média de correção de 2,2º. CONCLUSÃO: O tratamento cirúrgico da hipercifose torácica por meio de osteotomias múltiplas posteriores apresentou boa correção da deformidade e perda mínima de correção ao longo do seguimento.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the results of the surgical treatment of the spinal Kyphosis using the Ponte's technique (multiple posterior osteotomies). METHODS: Ten patients (8 with Scheuermannïs kyphosis and 2 with kyphosis after laminectomy) submitted to surgical correction of kyphotic deformity greater than 70º were retrospectively assessed. The age at the surgical time ranged from 12 to 20 years old (mean age16.8 years ± 2.89). The radiographic parameters evaluated were the kyphosis, the lordosis and the scoliosis - whenever present. The presence of proximal and distal junctional kyphosis, loss of correction, and complications as implants loosening and breakage were also assessed. The radiographic parameters were evaluated at the preoperative, early postoperative and late postoperative time. RESULTS: The patients were followed through a period that ranged from 24 to 144 months (65.8 ±39.92). The mean value of the kyphosis was 78.8º ± 7.59º (Cobb) before surgery and 47.5º ± 12.54º at late follow up, with mean correction of 33.9º ± 9.53º and lost correction of 2.2º. CONCLUSION: The surgical treatment of the thoracic kyphosis using multiples posterior osteotomies presented a good correction of the deformity and minimal lost of correction during follow up.

Parafusos pediculares no tratamento da cifose de Scheuermann: resultados e complicações / Pedicle screws in the treatment of Scheuermann's kyphosis: results and complications

O tratamento cirúrgico da cifose de Scheuermann permanece um tópico em debate. Tratamento tradicional tem incluído liberação anterior associada à fusão dos segmentos discais apicais, seguida por instrumentação posterior. OBJETIVO: Avaliar se o uso do sistema de parafusos pedicular vertebral promove melhor estabilização e correção da deformidade, sem procedimento compressivo, diminuindo os risco de complicações. MÉTODOS: Foram avaliados 19 pacientes com cifose de Scheuermann, que foram submetidos à liberação e fusão anterior por toracotomia aberta, seguida por instrumentação posterior com sistema de parafuso pedicular vertebral posicionados pela técnica de mão livre. Pré-operatoriamente, os pacientes foram analisados pela escala analógica visual (EVA) de dor e radiografias. No pós-operatório, foi analisado o grau de correção da curva, complicações, EVA para dor e nível de satisfação com a cirurgia. A média de seguimento foi de 37,5 meses (12,6-61,7 meses). RESULTADOS: Cifose pré-operatória variou de 66° a 94°, com média de 77,6°, e média da EVA de 6,6 pontos. No pós-operatório a cifose média foi de 35,8° (variação de 23° a 50°), sendo obtida média de correção de 53,8 por cento. A EVA foi de 0,6 ponto, com todos os pacientes, exceto um, satisfeitos com o resultado da cirurgia. Dentre as complicações: soltura de dois parafusos em um paciente, com necessidade de reintrodução e extensão da instrumentação, um paciente com infecção superficial resolvida clinicamente, uma quebra assintomática de parafuso e um paciente com infecção tardia resolvida com a retirada do implante. CONCLUSÃO: O tratamento cirúrgico da cifose de Scheuermann, usando liberação e fusão anterior por toracotomia aberta seguida por instrumentação posterior com sistema de parafuso pedicular vertebral por meio da técnica de mão livre, mostrou-se, nessa série de pacientes, segura e eficiente.

Surgical treatment of Scheuermann's kyphosis is still subject to debate. Traditional treatment has included an anterior release associated to fusion of apical disk segments, followed by posterior instrumentation. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate if the vertebral pedicle screw system yields a better stabilization and correction of the deformity, without a compressive procedure, thus decreasing the risk of complications. METHODS: 19 patients with Scheuermann's kyphosis were evaluated after being submitted to anterior release and fusion by open thoracotomy followed by posterior instrumentation with a vertebral pedicle screw system with the screws positioned with the free-hand technique. Before surgery, the patients were analyzed according to the visual analogical pain scale (EVA) and using X-rays. After surgery, analysis was made of the extension of the curve correction, complications, EVA for pain, and level of satisfaction with the surgery. Mean follow-up was 37.5 months (12.6 61.7 months). RESULTS: Pre-op kyphosis varied from 66° to 94°, with a mean of 77.6° and the mean EVA was 6.6. After surgery, the mean kyphosis was 35.8° (ranging from 23° to 50°), a mean correction of 53.8 percent being obtained. EVA was 0.6, and all patients but one, were pleased with the result of the surgery. Complications: two screws were detached in one patient and had to be reintroduced and instrumentation had to be expanded, one patient had superficial infection that was clinically solved, a screw broke asymptomatically, and one patient had late infection that was cured with the removal of the implant. CONCLUSION: Surgical treatment of Scheuermann's kyphosis using anterior release and fusion by open thoracotomy followed by posterior instrumentation with a vertebral pedicle screw system using the free hand technique showed, in this series, to be safe and efficient.

Cifose torácica e músculos isquiotibiais: correlação estético-funcional / Thoracic kyphosis and hamstrings: an aesthetic-functional correlation

OBJETIVO: Os autores discutem a correlação existente entre a cifose torácica aumentada, em pacientes portadores de Dorso Curvo Postural (DCP) ou Doença de Scheuermann (DS), e a contratura dos músculos isquiotibiais. Esta relação é pouco estudada na literatura. MÉTODOS: No período de junho a dezembro de 2003, foram analisados 38 pacientes. Dentre os pacientes, 26 (68,4 por cento) eram do sexo masculino e 12 (31,6 por cento) do sexo feminino. A idade mínima foi de 10 anos e a máxima de 20 anos, com média de 15,36. Encontramos 20 (52,6 por cento) pacientes portadores de Doença de Scheuermann e 18 (47,4 por cento) com Dorso Curvo Postural. RESULTADOS: De todos os 38 pacientes estudados, 32 (84,2 por cento) apresentaram contratura dos isquiotibiais, o que foi estatisticamente significante (p<0,001). Analisando apenas pacientes com DS encontramos 85 por cento de contratura e 83,3 por cento nos com DCP. CONCLUSÃO: Não houve diferença estatística, da porcentagem de contratura dos isquiotibiais na DS em relação ao DCP (p=0,61).

OBJECTIVE: The authors discuss the existent correlation between augmented thoracic kyphosis in patients with juvenile Kyphosis or Scheuermann`s disease and hamstrings contraction. This correlation is marginally addressed by existing studies. METHODS: Between June and December 2003, 38 patients belonging to the Spine Group at the Department of Orthopaedics from Santa Casa de São Paulo, Brazil, were analyzed. Among them, 26 (68.4 percent) were males and 12 (81.6 percent) were females. The youngest age was 10 and the oldest one was 20 years, with an average of 15.36. Twenty (52.6 percent) patients presented with Scheuermann´s disease and 18 (47.4 percent) with juvenile Kyphosis. RESULTS: From all 38 patients under study, 32 (84.2 percent) presented hamstring contracture, which was statistically significant (p<0.001). 85 percent of patients presenting only Scheuermann`s disease and 83.3 percent of patients with only juvenile Kyphosis had contracture. Conclusion: There was no statistically significant difference between contraction percentage in Scheuermann`s disease patients versus juvenile Kyphosis patients (p=0.61).

Neurologic compression by tharacic disc in a case of scheuremann kyphosis - an infrequent combination

Scheuermann disease is a rigid kyphosis due to vertebral wedging in the thoracic or lumbar spine. It is very rarely associated with neurologic compromise. Thoracic disc herniation leading to dural sac compression is also an infrequent pathology. We describe here a young man with Scheuermann disease who presented with symptoms and signs of neural compression. The cause of compression was a thoracolumbar disc, rendering him non-ambulant without support. He required transthoracic surgical decompression. The neurological status of the patient improved rapidly after surgery. At his latest follow-up he was independently ambulant with full restoration to activities of daily living

Combined thoracoscopic anterior spinal release and posterior correction for Scheuermann's kyphosis / 中华外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the effectiveness of combined thoracoscopic anterior spinal release and posterior correction for Scheuermann's kyphosis.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Sixteen patients with a diagnosis of Scheuermann's kyphosis were selected to undergo thoracoscopic anterior spinal release, disc excision, and fusion in conjunction with instrumented posterior correction and spine fusion. Cobb angle of the kyphosis were measured before the operation and during the follow-up period to evaluate the correction. Pre- and post-operative Oswestry disability Index (ODI) were collected to evaluate the pain relief.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>All 16 patients underwent successfully corrections. The mean preoperative kyphosis (Cobb) was 78.8 degrees (70 degrees-92 degrees), the mean postoperative kyphosis (Cobb) was 40.5 degrees (36 degrees-47 degrees), and the last follow-up evaluation of the kyphosis was 41.7 degrees (36 degrees-50 degrees ). All patients obtained satisfied pain relief. The mean preoperative ODI was 37.3 (0-72), and the mean postoperative ODI was 6.4 (0-30).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Combined thoracoscopic anterior spinal release and posterior correction is a good method for the treatment of Scheuermann's kyphosis.</p>

Tratamento cirúrgico da cifose patológica / Surgical treatment of pathological kyphosis

Foram estudados 13 pacientes com cifose patológica de diferentes etiologias (Doença de Scheuermann, espondilite anquilosante, congênita, tuberculose vertebral, sequela de laminectomia e síndrome de Morquio), que foram submetidos ao tratamento cirúrgico. A cifose pré-operatória variou de 75 a 100 graus (média 73,3 graus) e a média dos valores após o tratamento cirúrgico foi de 42,3 graus. O tipo de tratamento realizado estava relacionado com as características da cifose (raio longo ou curto, flexibilidade e magnitude), e são apresentadas as diferentes técnicas e filosofia de tratamento dos autores para o tratamento cirúrgico dessa modalidade de deformidade vertebral.

Cirugía de la columna vertebral mediante toracoscopía. Reporte preliminar / Spine surgery by thorachoscopy. Preliminary report

Entre abril de 1995 y junio de 1997 se realizaron 7 procedimientos toracoscópicos en pacientes que necesitaban una vía de abordaje anterior a la columna vertebral torácica: 2 escoliosis idiopáticas, una escoliosis paralítica, una escoliosis congénita, una enfermedad axonal gigante, una enfermedad de Scheurmann y una disquitis por salmonella T11-T12. Los pacientes con deformidad espinal después de la liberación toracoscópica para volver flexible la deformidad fueron sometidos a una instrumentación espinal con una corrección promedio de la curva en los pacientes con escoliosis de 41º y los pacientes con cifosis con una corrección promedio de 33º, con una edad promedio al momento de la cirugía de 14 años y una capacidad vital promedio de 78 por ciento. La paciente con disquitis por Salmonella T11-T12 fue sometida a una disquectomía previo manejo antimicrobiano